A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. [58], Henry's principal problem was to restore royal authority in a realm recovering from the Wars of the Roses. Rarely was a father's reign so widely disparaged and disowned on the accession of the son. When they married in 1396 they already had four children, including Henry's great-grandfather John Beaufort. He attained the throne when his forces, supported by France, Scotland, and Wales, defeated Edward IV's brother Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. Updates? Files Welcome Pack of 5 goodies, 28 January 1457 Birth of Henry VII at Pembroke Castle, 30 October 1485 Coronation of Henry VII, Henry VIIIs Enforcer: The Rise and Fall of Thomas Cromwell A Review and Rundown, Henry VII: Winter King A Review and Rundown, 31 May 1533 The Coronation Procession of Queen Anne Boleyn, Why I think Henry VIII was ultimately responsible for Anne Boleyns downfall, 4 March 1522 Anne Boleyn plays Perseverance, The Boleyns of Hever Castle now 99p on Kindle on Amazon UK, YouTube Live 4 March 2023 The Fascinating Background of Henry VIII. Thomas More hailed the end of "slavery" and the return of "liberty", "the end of sadness, the beginning of joy". If you are new the era, this wouldn't the first book I would pick up because it does flip flop around a bit in the beginning-but if you want to understand the players that ultimately have a significant impact on Henry VIII, this is the book for you. Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty. Doubtless the plotters were encouraged by the deaths of Henrys sons in 1500 and 1502 and of his wife in 1503. Henry attained the throne when his forces defeated King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field, the culmination of the Wars of the Roses. By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. Yorkist malcontents had strength in the north of England and in Ireland and had a powerful ally in Richard IIIs sister Margaret, dowager duchess of Burgundy. Henry was the only child of Edmund Tudor , Earl of Richmond , and Margaret Beaufort . The Lancastrians triumphed under the leadership of a 28-year-old exile named Henry Tudor. Henry restored power and stability to the English monarchy following the civil war. King Henry the VII and King Henry the VIII both feared being invaded by foreign countries. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. So 4 stars. The insurrections fronted by the pretenders Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck emerged from wide and formidable networks of conspiracy that drew in foreign rulers and leading English magnates, and infiltrated Henry's court. [13] When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany. The treaty marks a shift from neutrality over the French invasion of Brittany to active intervention against it. Henry VII: The Winter King. For instance, except for the first few months of the reign, the Baron Dynham and the Earl of Surrey were the only Lord High Treasurers throughout his reign. His bouts of grave illness brought the question repeatedly to the fore. This meant that Henry had been the rightful King in the battle and that Richard had been the usurper, and those who supported him had been traitors. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England. For him, it was never about glory and battle. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his fathers death. When he died, his only surviving son, Henry VIII, succeeded him without a breath of opposition. Claire is going live on YouTube on 11 February! He had brought the country to the brink of dynastic ambition, but not quite, so his closest advisers kept his death secret until St Georges Day, the annual meeting of the Order of the Garter. The father's government was an exercise in discoloration. "[73] Further compounding Henry's distress, his older daughter Margaret had previously been betrothed to King James IV of Scotland and within months of her mother's death she had to be escorted to the border by her father: he would never see her again. [citation needed], Henry honoured his pledge of December 1483 to marry Elizabeth of York and the wedding took place in 1486 at Westminster Abbey. He spent money lavishly, held big parties. Henry VII comes across as a talented micromanager and financier. It was a fantastic programme and I highly recommend Thomas Penns book on Henry VII Winter King. Their powers and numbers steadily increased during the time of the Tudors, never more so than under Henry's reign. [50] Henry had pressured the French by laying siege to Boulogne in October 1492. Both parties realised they were mutually disadvantaged by the reduction in commerce. (1): (April 24, 1883. I thought the way he controled the nobility was fascinating - keeping them in check as well a raising vast sums of money at the same time. There he found more English fugitives, willing to invade England in support of Henry, and bearing news that Richard III had serious plans to marry the princess Elizabeth himself. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. Philip had been shipwrecked on the English coast, and while Henry's guest, was bullied into an agreement so favourable to England at the expense of the Netherlands that it was dubbed the Malus Intercursus ("evil agreement"). Philip died shortly after the negotiations. Elizabeth of York (11 February 1466 11 February 1503) was Queen of England from her marriage to King Henry VII on 18 January 1486 until her death. There's a lot of cloak-and-dagger stuff here, something Henry and certain of his counselors seemed especially skilled at, and it was those parts that I particularly enjoyed. To say the least, Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England is quite an interesting read. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. In other cases, he brought his over-powerful subjects to heel by decree. [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". [14] In November 1476, Francis fell ill and his principal advisers were more amenable to negotiating with King Edward. His claim to the throne was precarious and was from an illegitimate line, a family who had been banned from taking the throne, so Henry needed to make the people believe that he was their rightful King and to do that he had to start behaving like one. Alternate titles: Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, Professor of Medieval History, University of Liverpool, 196780. He would learn better as the new reign unfolded. [63] Despite this, Henry was keen to constrain their power and influence, applying the same principles to the justices of the peace as he did to the nobility: a similar system of bonds and recognisances to that which applied to both the gentry and the nobles who tried to exert their elevated influence over these local officials. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. [citation needed], All Acts of Parliament were overseen by the justices of the peace. [citation needed] Following the example of Edward IV, Henry VII created a Council of Wales and the Marches for his son Arthur, which was intended to govern Wales and the Marches, Cheshire and Cornwall. Its restoration by the Magnus Intercursus was very much to England's benefit in removing taxation for English merchants and significantly increasing England's wealth. MP3 CD. [citation needed], Henry also made some political capital out of his Welsh ancestry in attracting military support and safeguarding his army's passage through Wales on its way to the Battle of Bosworth. In 1407, Henry IV, Gaunt's son by his first wife, issued new Letters Patent confirming the legitimacy of his half-siblings but also declaring them ineligible for the throne. He made huge gobs of money binding his subjects to him with loyalty bonds. Until the death of his wife, the evidence is clear from these accounting books that Henry was a more doting father and husband than was widely known and there is evidence that his outwardly austere personality belied a devotion to his family. His history plays depicted the dramatic conflicts of the wars of the roses, which Henry's accession after his victory at Bosworth in 1485 brought to an end. He was a ruler to be feared, a ruler to be paid. [33], In 1490, a young Fleming, Perkin Warbeck, appeared and claimed to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger of the "Princes in the Tower". Edward, Earl of Warwick, the ten-year-old son of Edward IV's brother George, Duke of Clarence, was the senior surviving male of the House of York. What are the differences between Henry VII and Henry VIII? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. During Henry's early years, his uncle Henry VI was fighting against Edward IV, a member of the Yorkist Plantagenet branch. [64] This made Henry VII's second son, Henry, Duke of York, heir apparent to the throne. He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. In that, he was quite successful, but he was neither loved nor admired. Henrys throne, however, was far from secure. Moneywise, King Henry the VII was frugal and careful with money. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. [citation needed] Nonetheless, by 1483 Henry was the senior male Lancastrian claimant remaining after the deaths in battle, by murder or execution of Henry VI (son of Henry V and Catherine of Valois), his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales, and the other Beaufort line of descent through Lady Margaret's uncle, Edmund Beaufort, 2nd Duke of Somerset. Henry VII ruled as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do through fear rather than love. February 7 Sir Francis Bryan loses an eye and Henry VIII has a new love, An interview with historical novelist Sandra Byrd, Henry VIII and His Six Wives event open for registration. [69] The wedding never took place, and the physical description Henry sent with his ambassadors of what he desired in a new wife matched the description of his wife Elizabeth. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. However, such a level of paranoia persisted that anyone (John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, for example)[27] with blood ties to the Plantagenets was suspected of coveting the throne. In 1621 Francis Bacon's history of. Read all Directors Giulia Clark Stuart Elliott Writers While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. Its goals, relentlessly pursued until Henry's death in 1509, were the establishment of a royal house, the elimination of opposition, and the steady accumulation of power and wealth. They overrode all the usual legal processed and acted with complete impunity. One of the councils prominent members was Edmund Dudley, a man who helped Henry by enforcing the Kings legal rights, finding old laws to use against people and stretching the law to its limits. Henry's father, Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, a half-brother of Henry VI of England and a member of the Welsh Tudors of Penmynydd, died three months before his son Henry was born. It was 1501. However, King Henry the VIII was much more self-centered as most of his spending was inappropriate and did not benefit England much. After his victory at Bosworth Field, Henry married Edward IV's daughter Elizabeth of York. His host was Francis, the Duke of Brittany, who saw Henry Tudor as a pawn in the game between Edward VI and the King of France. He rewrote history by backdating his reign to 21st August 1485, the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. Having established his claim to be king in his own right, he married Elizabeth of York on January 18, 1486. The rebellion began in Ireland, where the historically Yorkist nobility, headed by the powerful Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, proclaimed Simnel king and provided troops for his invasion of England. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. For me, history is alive and energizing - not something static and remote. Luther made a protest against the Catholic practice of Indulgences. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. No. Henry marries Catherine of Aragon. It is not known precisely where Cabot landed, but he was eventually rewarded with a pension from the king; it is presumed that Cabot perished at sea after a later unsuccessful expedition. Henry VII was the founder of the Tudor dynasty and father of Henry VIII and Ive been doing a bit of digging on this lesser known Tudor. 3.5 Stars. That was to prevent the King of France capturing him and letting him loose on the English as a rival. Next month find out more on someone known as The Winter Queen! The marriage between Arthur, Prince of Wales, and Catherine of Aragon would be the culmination of everything that Henry VII had fought for at the Battle of Bosworth, so in 1501 there was a fortnight of marriage celebrations and London was in a carnival mood. Supported at one time or another by France, by Maximilian I of Austria, regent of the Netherlands (Holy Roman emperor from 1493), by James IV of Scotland, and by powerful men in both Ireland and England, Perkin three times invaded England before he was captured at Beaulieu in Hampshire in 1497. This was accomplished through the targeted imposition of fines and bonds through extrajudicial councils. Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? To strengthen his position, however, he subsidised shipbuilding, so strengthening the navy (he commissioned Europe's first ever and the world's oldest surviving dry dock at Portsmouth in 1495) and improving trading opportunities. How did a precariously enthroned ruler, lacking a police force or a standing army, manage to run roughshod over the law? All the powers of Europe doubted Henrys ability to survive, and most were willing to shelter claimants against him. He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. His supportive policy toward England's wool industry and his standoff with the Low Countries had long-lasting benefit to the English economy. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. The last few years of his reign were ones of repression. But, his enemies didnt agree. Reasonably interesting overview of the reign of Henry VII of England. Penn showed a genealogical roll that had belonged to the de la Pole family which showed Henry VI being the end of the Lancastrian line and the Yorkist line continuing on to Richard III. The author does a good job drawing on his sources and bringing the characters to life while staying true to the history, but the subject matter is just not inherently as sexy as Henry VIIIs or Elizabeth Is reigns. [18] He was welcomed by the French, who readily supplied him with troops and equipment for a second invasion. One of their sons was Edmund, Henry's father. Yet in the hands of a narrator as accomplished as Penn, the reign acquires its own, troubling fascination. Many of the entries show a man who loosened his purse strings generously for his wife and children, and not just on necessities: in spring 1491 he spent a great amount of gold on a lute for his daughter Mary; the following year he spent money on a lion for Elizabeth's menagerie. For instance, the Stanley family had control of Lancashire and Cheshire, upholding the peace on the condition that they stayed within the law. It was no easy feat. Warbeck won the support of Edward IV's sister Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. The rest, as we say, is history; Richard III was defeated at the Battle of Bosworth and Henry Tudor had arrived out of nowhere and avenged the death of the little princes in the tower, although there is some debate as to who was actually responsible for their murder. When the Lancastrian cause crashed to disaster at the Battle of Tewkesbury (May 1471), Jasper took the boy out of the country and sought refuge in the duchy of Brittany. He had enough of that getting himself to the throne. [22] Thus, anyone who had fought for Richard against him would be guilty of treason and Henry could legally confiscate the lands and property of Richard III, while restoring his own. Through luck, guile and ruthlessness, Henry VII, the first of the Tudor kings, had clambered to the top of the heap--a fugitive with a flimsy claim to England's throne. ||sitemap_index.xml The rebels were defeated (June 1487) in a hard-fought battle at Stoke (East Stoke, near Newark in Nottinghamshire), where the doubtful loyalty of some of the royal troops was reminiscent of Richard IIIs difficulties at Bosworth. Dydd Gyl Dewi Hapus! Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. Since we are in the middle of winter, Ive been thinking of a volume on my shelves on Henry VII, who could be called the Winter King. They were unpaid, which, in comparison with modern standards, meant a smaller tax bill for law enforcement. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . Penn then went on to talk about the heir to the throne, the young Prince Henry, who seemed very different to the King. They were third cousins, as both were great-great-grandchildren of John of Gaunt. If Penn's interpretation can sometimes seem slanted, its exposition would be hard to over-praise. Henry showed remarkable clemency to the surviving rebels: he pardoned Kildare and the other Irish nobles, and he made the boy, Simnel, a servant in the royal kitchen where he was in charge of roasting meats on a spit. After his death, a commission found widespread abuses in the tax collection process. Luther gained support for his ideas and Europe became . We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride . Henry reigned for nearly 24 years and was peacefully succeeded by his son, Henry VIII. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Serious disputes involving the use of personal power, or threats to royal authority, were thus dealt with. On the debit side, he may have looked a little delicate as he suffered from poor health. Henry VII, also called (1457-85) Henry Tudor, earl of Richmond, (born January 28, 1457, Pembroke Castle, Pembrokeshire, Walesdied April 21, 1509, Richmond, Surrey, England), king of England (1485-1509), who succeeded in ending the Wars of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and founded the Tudor dynasty. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). These laws were used shrewdly in levying fines upon those that he perceived as threats. 'Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII at the Field of Cloth of Gold on 7 June 1520,' a painting by Friedrich August Bouterwek. Up to a point, he succeeded. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. [16] With money and supplies borrowed from his host, Francis II of Brittany, Henry tried to land in England, but his conspiracy unravelled resulting in the execution of his primary co-conspirator, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. Overspending by Henry VIII to pay for his lavish lifestyle and to fund foreign wars with France and Scotland are cited as . This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. The usurpation of Richard III (1483), however, split the Yorkist party and gave Henry his opportunity. Overall, this was a successful area of policy for Henry, both in terms of efficiency and as a method of reducing the corruption endemic within the nobility of the Middle Ages. Alison Weir points out that the Rennes ceremony, two years earlier, was plausible only if Henry and his supporters were certain that the Princes were already dead. Their main aim was money. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Several of Richard's key allies, such as Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland, and also Lord Stanley and his brother William, crucially switched sides or left the battlefield. This definitely was not that. By the way, dont forget that Ian Mortimers Time Travellers Guide to Elizabethan England is on tonight on BBC2 at 9pm. But that's not really what I wanted from a book about Henry VII. In 1502 the death of his heir Arthur left the dynasty's prospects with Arthur's 10-year-old brother, Henry.

Is Blue Gatorade Ok For Colonoscopy, Is Blue Gatorade Ok For Colonoscopy, Directory Of Baptist Ministers, Articles W