Hewlett and Packard in their garage workshop. The primary distinguishing characteristic of modern computers is ____. The MOS 6502 was introduced at a conference in San Francisco at a cost of $25, far less than comparable processors from Intel and Motorola, leading some attendees to believe that the company was perpetrating a hoax. The mill is still in use today as an office park (Clock Tower Place) today. With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. Which software function could help students memorize the correct names of chemical elements? After the success of the PET, Commodore remained a major player in the personal computer market into the 1990s. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? FoxBase was originally released for the Apple II in 1984, followed by versions for the Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Atari ST. A version for the Macintosh was also released in 1985. Instead of simply copying the basic input output system (BIOS) of the Apple II as Franklin Computer had done, they reversed engineered the system and sold it for US $479, a much lower price than the comparable Apple II. It was believed that ENIAC had done more calculation over the ten years it was in operation than all of humanity had until that time. Univac computers were used in many different applications but utilities, insurance companies and the US military were major customers. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. Updates called _____ contain fixes and enhancements to the operating system. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. The first release proved so popular there was a long delay in delivering systems on release. Hundreds of allied bombes were built in order to determine the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. Intended to be a less expensive alternative to the PET, the VIC-20 was highly successful, becoming the first computer to sell more than a million units. In 1975, Scelbi introduced the 8B version with 16 KB of memory for the business market. The company called it a connected organizer rather than a PDA to emphasize this ability. The LEO was Englands first commercial computer and was performing useful work before any other commercial computer system in the world. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when his students videoconference to exchange ideas about water pollution prevention? Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. What type of web-based creation is produced when students submit their written or artistic products to a website? A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. The display also used In Plane Switching (IPS) technology, which allowed for a wider viewing angle and improved color accuracy. Built as an electro-mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drivesvery useful for large databases of information. Named in honor of the space shuttle which broke-up on re-entry, the Columbia supercomputer is an important part of NASA's return to manned spaceflight after the 2003 disaster. Answers: Convert data into an electronic machine-readable form for direct entry into a computer system. Cuthbert Hurd (standing) and Thomas Watson, Sr. at IBM 701 console. MITS co-founder Ed Roberts invented the Altair 8800 which sold for $297, or $395 with a case and coined the term personal computer. A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. What do research studies tend to confirm about online learning? A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. What software was the first available for microcomputers? OPENSTEP was used as one of the foundations for the new Mac OS operating system soon after NeXT was acquired by Apple in 1996. "Best study app ever! A. B. The Altair had no keyboard and could not be connected to a television screen. What is a typical classroom application for instructional games? Produce results (output) 4. Designed by engineer Gardner Hendrie for Computer Control Corporation (CCC), the DDP-116 is announced at the 1965 Spring Joint Computer Conference. What is the function of an IEP generator? What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? Atlas was the fastest computer in the world at the time and introduced the concept of virtual memory, that is, using a disk or drum as an extension of main memory. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. The Manchester Mark I used more than 1,300 vacuum tubes and occupied an area the size of a medium room. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. It was the first microcomputer to sell in large numbers. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. Although manufactured by Remington Rand, the machine was often mistakenly referred to as the IBM Univac." Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). What are students programming when they develop a computer-generated environment in which a real-life scene is overlaid with computer-generated information? All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. IBM establishes the 650 as its first mass-produced computer, with the company selling 450 in just one year. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. Beginning with the VAX-11/780, the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX family of computers rivals much more expensive mainframe computers in performance and features the ability to address over 4 GB of virtual memory, hundreds of times the capacity of most minicomputers. "We are trying to build a machine to do all kinds of different things simply by programming rather than by the addition of extra apparatus," Turing said at a symposium on large-scale digital calculating machinery in 1947 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Rather than testing components like the SEAC, the SWAC was built using already-developed technology. IBMs first personal computer, the system was designed to run the APL programming language in a compact, briefcase-like enclosure which comprised a keyboard, CRT display, and cassette tape storage. Based on Charles Babbage's second design for a mechanical calculating engine, a team at the Science Museum in London sets out to prove that the design would have worked as planned. What is a distinguishing feature of instructional software? It used 53 vacuum tubes and hundreds of germanium diodes, with a magnetic drum for memory. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. Ross contended that a Flexowriter -- an electrically-controlled typewriter -- connected to an MIT computer could function as a keyboard input device due to its low cost and flexibility. answer choices True Fasle Question 3 30 seconds Q. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. The Newton line never performed as well as hoped and was discontinued in 1998. SSEC goes on display IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) The PowerBook line of computers was discontinued in 2006. Definition. Store the results for future use Hardware the electronical and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer. It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. Definition. The Earth Simulator was listed as the fastest supercomputer in the world from 2002 to 2004. Information systems whose purpose is to glean from raw data relationships and trends that might help organizations compete better are called business intelligence (BI) systems. The machines were used by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to run massive solar energy simulations, as well as some of the most complex molecular studies ever undertaken. The 470V/6 was the companys first product and ran the same software as IBM System/370 computers but cost less and was smaller and faster. Programmer Arthur Samuels used the 701 to write the first computer program designed to play checkers. Throughout the 1960s and 70s, the ASR-33 was a popular and inexpensive choice of input and output device for minicomputers and many of the first generation of microcomputers. D. Curt Herzstark was an Austrian engineer who worked in his familys manufacturing business until he was arrested by the Nazis in 1943. The machine was noted for its ease-of-use and included a 'manual' that contained only a few pictures and less than 20 words. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. For its January issue, hobbyist magazine Popular Electronics runs a cover story of a new computer kit the Altair 8800. Wilkes' ideas grew out of the Moore School lectures he had attended three years earlier. What is the Internet standard for how web pages are formatted and displayed? Approximately 90 percent of PCs run some version of Windows. VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. Apples inspiration for the Lisa and Macintosh computers came from the Xerox Alto. This object-oriented multitasking operating system was groundbreaking in its ability to foster rapid development of software applications. The Jaguar was used to study climate science, seismology, and astrophysics applications. Applications were also highly innovative: a WYSISYG word processor known as Bravo, a paint program, a graphics editor, and email for example. The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. Computer Science. DEC is founded initially to make electronic modules for test, measurement, prototyping and control markets. SWTPC introduces many computer kits based on the Motorola 6800, and later, the 6809. The most popular operating system for small microcomputers in the late 1970s was CP/M, written by Gary Kildall in about 1974 and marketed by the company he started, Digital Research, Inc. IBM visited Digital Research in August 1980 - some say at the suggestion of Bill Gates - to investigate using "CP/M-86, their upcoming version for . Developed for Busicom, a Japanese calculator maker, the 4004 had 2250 transistors and could perform up to 90,000 operations per second in four-bit chunks. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. The 2116A is HPs first computer. Physicist Stan Frankel, intrigued by small, general-purpose computers, developed the MINAC at Caltech. data. Subject. MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. Microcomputer Applications - Quiz 1. The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. Inside was a Z80 microprocessor and a built-in BASIC language interpreter. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Accept data (input) 2. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. Dollars. This keyboard design was dubbed the Butterfly. The need for such a design was lessened as laptop screens grew wider. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. The air defense system used two AN/FSQ-7 computers, each of which used a full megawatt of power to drive its 55,000 vacuum tubes, 175,000 diodes and 13,000 transistors. For many business users, quick access to this huge storage capability outweighed its relatively slow processing speed. The typical PDP-1 computer system, which sells for about $120,000, includes a cathode ray tube graphic display, paper tape input/output, needs no air conditioning and requires only one operator; all of which become standards for minicomputers. Conceived by Harvard physics professor Howard Aiken, and designed and built by IBM, the Harvard Mark 1 is a room-sized, relay-based calculator. Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? What type of online learning is used the least in K-12 educational contexts? The line was discontinued in 2014. Which of the following is not a significant challenge in regard to assessing students who are English language learners (ELLs)? At its introduction, it was listed as the second fastest supercomputer in the world and this single system increased NASA's supercomputing capacity 10-fold. SWAC was used to solve problems in numerical analysis, including developing climate models and discovering five previously unknown Mersenne prime numbers. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. The first practical stored-program computer to provide a regular computing service, EDSAC is built at Cambridge University using vacuum tubes and mercury delay lines for memory. Completed in 1951, Whirlwind remains one of the most important computer projects in the history of computing. That same year in Germany, engineer Konrad Zuse built his Z2 computer, also using telephone company relays. false. To reduce its size, the traditional hard drive was replaced with a solid-state disk, the first mass-market computer to do so. The last one was decommissioned in 1979. Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. Three types of the M3 were available two types that measured either temperature or pressure and one that could take images. The Roadrunner is the first computer to reach a sustained performance of 1 petaflop (one thousand trillion floating point operations per second). C. Introduced at the Altair Convention in Albuquerque in March 1976, the visual display module enabled the use of personal computers for interactive games. Apple Stores display of newly introduced Apple Watches. Gates and Allen started Microsoftoriginally called Micro-Soft, for microprocessors and. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. Select the power connector that is specified by the ATX Version 2.2 standard, which allows more power to the motherboard for PCI Express (PCIe) devices. Which of the following is an online course characteristic that supports success? Which of the following is an accepted design criterion for writing and publishing digital documents? Applications that came as part of the package included MacPaint, which made use of the mouse, and MacWrite, which demonstrated WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) word processing. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. The 701 introduction also marked the beginning of IBMs entry into the large-scale computer market, a market it came to dominate in later decades. The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. These microcomputers were often sold as "DIY" kits or pre-built machines in relatively small numbers in the mid-1970s.These systems were primarily used for teaching the use of microprocessors and supporting peripheral devices, and unlike home computers were rarely used with pre-written application software. Columbia was used in space vehicle analysis, including studying the Columbia disaster, but also in astrophysics, weather and ocean modeling. The chip quickly became popular with designers of early personal computers like the Apple II and Commodore PET, as well as game consoles like the Nintendo Entertainment System. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. The Zilog Z-80 could run any program written for the 8080 and included twice as many built-in machine instructions. Its founders were Ken and Stan Olsen, and Harlan Anderson. Microsoft Windows, also called Windows and Windows OS, computer operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft Corporation to run personal computers (PCs). In his book Giant Brains, Berkeley noted - We shall now consider how we can design a very simple machine that will think. . Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. In 1940, Stibitz demonstrated the CNC at an American Mathematical Society conference held at Dartmouth College. Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. Its price was $2,500. Over 30 were completed, including one delivered to Australia. Also known inside IBM as the Defense Calculator," the 701 rented for $15,000 a month. Typically, computer users of the time fed their programs into a computer using punched cards or paper tape. Based on the Touchstone Delta computer Intel had built at Caltech, the Paragon is a parallel supercomputer that uses 2,048 (later increased to more than four thousand) Intel i860 processors. The VAIO line of computers would be best known for laptops were designed with communications and audio-video capabilities at the forefront, including innovative designs that incorporated TV and radio tuners, web cameras, and handwriting recognition. Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. ducing microcomputers to small and medium-sized transit operating agen-cies. After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. At the top of the line was the Model 7030, also known as "Stretch." Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. An inspiring summer school on computing at the University of Pennsylvanias Moore School of Electrical Engineering stimulates construction of stored-program computers at universities and research institutions in the US, France, the UK, and Germany. The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. An experiment conducted five months later on the MIT Whirlwind computer confirmed how useful and convenient a keyboard input device could be. Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed) / Author: Lockard / Author: Abrams / Author: "Many ; 9780673524560 ; Educational resources & technology, Education, Social sciences, Books There are many stand-alone utility programs available as an alternative to the operating system'sutility programs. The first large commercial computers to use integrated circuits, RCA highlights the IC's advantage over IBMs custom SLT modules. The machine was expandable, with ports for cassette storage, serial interface and rudimentary networking. . An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. The Programma 101 could do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as calculate square roots. That's not as trivial. Under the auspices of a National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant, biomedical research faculty from around the United States came to a workshop at MIT to build their own LINCs, and then bring them back to their home institutions where they would be used. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. Modeled after the Cambridge University EDSAC computer, the president of Lyons Tea Co. has the LEO built to solve the problem of production scheduling and delivery of cakes to the hundreds of Lyons tea shops around England. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? refers to symbols that represent fast objects and ideas. Under the leadership of MIT's Gordon Brown and Jay Forrester, the team first built a small analog simulator, but found it inaccurate and inflexible. The 1973 Wang 2200 makes it a successful computer company, too. The first large-scale computer communications network, SAGE connects 23 hardened computer sites in the US and Canada. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. Term. The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. Commodore even used Star Trek television star William Shatner in advertisements. This printing programmable calculator was made from discrete transistors and an acoustic delay-line memory. The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips. If a social studies teacher wanted to poll students anonymously about their opinions on a local issue, what tool might she use to gather their data? Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. While it did not sell well, the operating system, Be OS, retained a loyal following even after Be stopped producing hardware in 1997 after less than 2,000 machines were produced. A commercial version of Alan Turing's Pilot ACE, called DEUCEthe Digital Electronic Universal Computing Engine -- is used mostly for science and engineering problems and a few commercial applications. T/F False Storage on a mobile device is usually an SSD (Solid-state drive). IBM released a new operating system, OS/2, at the same time, allowing the use of a mouse with IBM PCs for the first time. The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. Chuck Peddle leads a small team of former Motorola employees to build a low-cost microprocessor. By 2011, over 2.4 million laptops had been shipped. In all, about 200 of the boards were sold before Apple announced the follow-on Apple II a year later as a ready-to-use computer for consumers, a model which sold in the millions for nearly two decades. The device's success led to the creation of MIT Lincoln Laboratory in 1951. While Apple sued to remove the Laser 128 from the market, they were unsuccessful and the Laser remained one of the very few Apple clones for sale. Operational by 1964, it was not the first computerized reservation system, but it was well publicized and became very influential. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Called the Model K Adder because he built it on his Kitchen table, this simple demonstration circuit provides proof of concept for applying Boolean logic to the design of computers, resulting in construction of the relay-based Model I Complex Calculator in 1939. Because of its electronic, as opposed to electromechanical, technology, it is over 1,000 times faster than any previous computer. Promotional shot of the Compaq Deskpro 386s. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs.

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