This is an example of: People who believe that aliens have come to earth may disregard evidence that crop circles are human-made. d. males. identify a true statement about heuristics. Which of the following describes how algorithms are useful? C. It involves drawing conclusions based on facts. B. providing a single accurate solution to any problem This is known as automatic processing, or the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words. IQ is assumed to be normally distributed with a mean IQ of 100 and a typical standard deviation of about: Marjorie took a personality test in April. Most likely your early experiences with dogs will shape what you imagine. Psychologists would describe Cooper's father's style of parenting as. c. confirmation bias. Despite not knowing this person, already you have unknowingly made judgments about them. The tendency to search for and use information that supports our ideas rather than refutes them is known as, _____ is the tendency to report falsely, after the fact, that we accurately predicted an outcome. Creative intelligence is related to: In this instance, the doctor would instead rely on their expertise and past experiences to very quickly choose what they feel is the right treatment approach. Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. d. two, You're asked to come up with a new slogan for your school's Psychology Club. b. scientific characteristics do C. fixation Choosing which apartment is best is an example of The brain is endlessly perceiving, processing, planning, organizing, and rememberingit is always active. answer choices converting visual information into something meaningful converting sound into vibrations bringing information housed in long-term memory to mind holding information just long enough to work with it Question 2 30 seconds Q. D. Egocentrism. _______ believed that concepts become the "pegs" from which words are "hung." Clinical psychologists D. speed of processing. For example, you would use recall for an essay test. This would be similar to finding and opening a paper you had previously saved on your computers hard drive. d. mind set. Similarly, most people have a song that causes a specific emotional response. Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. Which of the following essential body functions are monitored by the autonomic nervous system? Baddeley and Hitch (1974) proposed a working memory model in which short-term memory has different forms. refers to the belief that one has the competence to accomplish a given goal or task. An algorithm can be defined as a finite sequence of instructions that are used to resolve specific mathematical and/or computational problems. c. Superordinate concepts In this case, Monique has People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. However, heuristics are really more of a rule-of-thumb; they don't always guarantee a correct solution. They love going outside to their garden, fertilizing their plants, and watering their flowers, you probably would have come up with the word "petal" instead of plate. d. do not communicate. A. overcome functional fixedness. When you first learn new skills such as driving a car, you have to put forth effort and attention to encode information about how to start a car, how to brake, how to handle a turn, and so on. e. $23,000. d. the better that person is at breaking a problem down into component parts for problem solving. By using an algorithm, accuracy is increased and potential mistakes are minimized. c. an availability heuristic According to Gardner's multiple intelligences, which of the following types of vocations would most likely require bodily kinesthetic intelligence? A heuristic is a simple thinking strategy that allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently. 20. Remember the elevator? According to the social brain hypothesis, each of us can deal effectively with social interactions with roughly 150 people. ML4T Questions - notes - (f`quizlet/_5rbip Question 1: Why did it A. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. When solving a problem, if a person is hesitant or unable to think beyond solutions that have worked in the past, he or she is stuck in: are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Fragile X syndrome c. $2,438. Explain this result, given that the density of steel is much greater than that of water. However, this would be very time-consuming and treatment needs to be implemented quickly. Which of the three types of encoding do you think would give you the best memory of verbal information? a. morphemes. B. For example, specific smells can cause specific emotional responses for some people. b. confirmation bias. choose the best data from the set. It feels almost impossible to walk in and not face the door. the stage of memory in which it is stored. Explicit memory is sometimes referred to as declarative memory, because it can be put into words. It involves bottom-up processing. During proactive interference, previously learned information interferes with the ability to learn new information. In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, stimuli from the environment are processed first in sensory memory: storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. Which of the following is true of the sympathetic nervous system? Descriptions: Algorithms can be written to solve every problem. Creative Commons Attribution License 70 or below Should you go to the bank, the cleaners, or the grocery store first? Developmental psychologists use the term _____ to refer to a person's genes or biological inheritance. This event schema involves getting in the car, shutting the door, and buckling your seatbelt before putting the key in the ignition. Interestingly, event schemata can vary widely among different cultures and countries. Think about what you do when you walk into an elevator (Figure 7.4). He is most likely receiving _____ parenting. The fact that none of the animals have achieved language development comparable to a 3-year-old human. Which of the following is a difference between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies? Language could help a child learn to control social behavior. This powerful event schema is informed by your pattern of behavior and the pleasurable stimulation that a phone call or text message gives your brain. b. insight. d. books and bookshelves. An algorithm is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem. Emotional intelligence A test can fail in validity and still: b. abstract symbols on a keyboard and making some sounds. As we continue to examine thinking, keep in mind how powerful the forces of concepts and schemata are to our understanding of the world. This book uses the They are used to evaluate the solutions. The brain then processes this information and uses the relevant pieces to create thoughts, which can then be expressed through language or stored in memory for future use. Jacob received his score on his math paper and realized that he performed poorly. Automatic processing is usually done without any conscious awareness. B. Algorithms are faster than heuristics. In either case, you usually cannot put the memory into words that adequately describe the task. 2010;47(4):554-69. doi:10.1037/a0021184, Bobadilla-Suarez S, Love BC. Similarly, when you first learned to drive, you probably thought about a lot of things that you just do now without much thought. Quiz 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence | Quiz+ a. the same ability. Dan, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. The best strategy for solving a problem depends largely on the unique situation. D. Heritability is a statistic that provides information about a single individual. A semantic network consists of concepts, and as you may recall from what youve learned about memory, concepts are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. It involves recollection of visual imagery as well as the feeling of familiarity (Hassabis & Maguire, 2007). Psychology is considered a science and comes from a foundation of chemistry because of its focus on research. In the course of prenatal development, by the end of the _____ period, the heart begins to beat, the arms and legs become more differentiated, the face starts to form, and the intestinal tract appears in human beings. For example, if you meet someone at a party and your phone is dead but you want to remember his phone number, which starts with area code 203, you might remember that your uncle Abdul lives in Connecticut and has a 203 area code. You must be able to retrieve information from memory in order to do everything from knowing how to brush your hair and teeth, to driving to work, to knowing how to perform your job once you get there. C. telepathy. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology Unless the knowledge in short term memory is retained by repetition or other such techniques, it has a very small capacity (7 items +/- 2) and a short period (max 30 seconds). The working memory files hold a limited amount of information. B. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychologyduskull evolution arceus SOPHIA WEB DEVELOPMENT UNIT 3 You passed this The concept of episodic memory was first proposed about in the 1970s (Tulving, 1972). b. studies showing that animals make instinctual sounds only. Memory trace decay and interference are two factors that affect short-term memory retention. A. an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning Algorithms can be used to achieve just about any logical flow, but based on the input, expected output, and complexity of the logic to get from the input to the output, the efficacy of an algorithm can vary. Implicit memory includes procedural memory and things learned through conditioning. A person's knowledge about the world is known as _____ memory. Why do people use heuristics quizlet? Now, unscramble the following letters to make a word. Processing speed Gardner believes that reason, logic, and knowledge are: a. the same ability. c. 30. Then, information in STM goes to long-term memory (you save it to your hard drive), or it is discarded (you delete a document or close a web browser). The Problem-Solving Process - Verywell Mind d. language; concepts, The rhythm and emphasis of communicating is part of which language structure? Identify the most shielded and least shielded protons in (a) 2-Bromobutane (b) 1, 1, 2-Trichloropropane (c) Tetrahydrofuran. B. Deductive reasoning A. risk avoidance Visual encoding is the encoding of images, and acoustic encoding is the encoding of sounds, words in particular. When this happens, your brain automatically activates the firefighter schema and begins making assumptions that this person is brave, selfless, and community-oriented. Once you know how to drive, you can encode additional information about this skill automatically. C. merely frame the problem in a vague way. By following an algorithm, you can ensure that you will arrive at the correct answer to each problem. Related concepts are linked, and the strength of the link depends on how often two concepts have been associated. B. Concepts prevent us from generalizing. https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/7-1-what-is-cognition, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Explain the difference between natural and artificial concepts, Describe how schemata are organized and constructed. where the event takes place. Which of the following is true of algorithms and heuristics for solving real-life problems? 6 to 8 d. natural concept. The highest and most elusive of Maslow's needs is. These mental shortcuts are typically informed by our past experiences and allow us to act quickly. C. dogmatic thinking An algorithm is a defined set of step-by-step procedures that provides the correct answer to a particular problem. a. Even though she looked much younger, how old was Genie? c. Clinical neuropsychologists Intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation) is a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has an IQ of _____ and has difficulty adapting to everyday life. Storage is the creation of a permanent record of information. These stages were first proposed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin (1968). c. make sounds; dream more vividly You decide to do your laundry Thursday night, buy the groceries on Friday, clean the apartment Saturday morning, and cook the dinner Saturday evening. C. are ill defined or vague. You were probably not that good at riding a bicycle or driving a car the first time you tried, but you were much better after doing those things for a year. refers to the process by which information gets into memory storage? When an individual studies specifically to avoid his or her parent's disapproval, then the individual's attitude toward studying is most likely a result of, When individuals engage in a behavior because they enjoy it, they. A company uses a spreadsheet to prepare its statement of cash flows. A triangle always has three angles and three sides. Can you remember every event you have experienced over the course of your lifemeals, conversations, clothing choices, weather conditions, and so on? d. verbal/linguistic intelligence. When you first learned to do these tasks, someone may have told you how to do them, but everything you learned since those instructions that you cannot readily explain to someone else as the way to do it is implicit memory. Shes surprised at how quickly shes able to pick up the language after not speaking it for 13 years; this is an example of relearning. a. is an innate human ability to understand and produce language. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. a. the less likely that person will succeed in an academic setting. Which of the following is a true statement regarding algorithms? The goal of clustering a set of data is to. d. Analytical intelligence, Shelly took the Stanford-Binet test at age 10 and scored a mental age of 13. Cross-sectional studies assess people at one point in time, whereas longitudinal studies assess people over a long period of time. Lets say you graduated from high school 10 years ago, and you have returned to your hometown for your 10-year reunion. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. A. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. Next count backwards from 40 by fours, then check yourself to see how well you recalled the sentences this time. d. an image of the instructor. What memory problems is she most likely to have now? Read the following sentences (Bransford & McCarrell, 1974), then look away and count backwards from 30 by threes to zero, and then try to write down the sentences (no peeking back at this page!). Which of the following is TRUE of algorithms? For example, while it is quite common for people to greet one another with a handshake in the United States, in Tibet, you greet someone by sticking your tongue out at them, and in Belize, you bump fists (Cairns Regional Council, n.d.). The prefrontal cortex continues to mature into early adulthood. B. using algorithms. They are devised while developing problem-solving strategies. (credit: Robert Couse-Baker). moment is called _______. d. apple, ________ is the ability to adapt and deal with new problems or challenges the first time you encounter them. B. functional fixedness. how long ago the event takes place. c. mental sets. nondeclarative (implicit) memory. In order to prepare herself, she enrolls in a Spanish course at the local community center. The last step in the problem-solving process is _____. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. Most likely none of us could even come close to answering these questions; however, American actress Marilu Henner, best known for the television show Taxi, can remember. b. use language Publish: 15 days ago. a. ADHD Algorithms consist of a combination of sequences, selections, and/or . a. predict the behavior of a specific individual? 130 or higher. She took the same test in June and December, receiving a very similar score. Alternatively, elaborative rehearsal is the act of linking new information you are trying to learn to existing information that you already know. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. Question 3. a. emotional intelligence. b. representative heuristic Yet, you dont notice most of your brains activity as you move throughout your daily routine. D. 100. During active rehearsal, you repeat (practice) the information to be remembered. A. Abductive reasoning One barrier to innovative problem solving is persisting in using techniques that have been successful in the past, also known as: D. Concepts complicate the memory process. Explicit memory includes episodic and semantic memory. Whichofthefollowingoptionsistrueaboutalgorithms?a. A. a. means-end analysis. Semantic networks differ depending on personal experiences. Question. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. a. phonemes b. trial and error. An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. Which of the following statements is true of subgoals? Which of the following statements is true of the development of the brain in humans? Practice Quiz - Oxford University Press You would probably have an easier time recalling the words car, dog, and book, and a more difficult time recalling the words level, truth, and value. C. heuristic. creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. In The Bell Curve, Herrnstein and Murray made the unfounded claim that: a. attachment; language A. b. convergent thinking. If you did, you probably have associated peanut butter and jelly in your mind. Marilu Henners super autobiographical memory is known as hyperthymesia. Encoding involves the input of information into the memory system. A. autistic. C. 90. The Algorithm Problem Solving Approach in Psychology. You can see that the sentences are now much more memorable because each of the sentences was placed in context. He has skipped three grades and is a straight A student with superior verbal and mathematical talent. Lets quickly test your autobiographical memory. c. syntax Want to cite, share, or modify this book? There are many different examples of how algorithms can be used in daily life. It is improved by chunking and rehearsal techniques. If you repeat it enough, it may be moved into long-term memory. refers to the retention of information or experience over time? In short, you know snow. c. gifted people are more prone to mental illness. Concepts are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences. We recommend using a Which of the following statements describe how algorithms are used in everyday life? It is illustrated when psychologists and other scientists use theories to make predictions and then evaluate their predictions by making further observations. semantic. By following the instructions correctly, you are guaranteed to arrive at the right answer. C. the child's IQ is deteriorating. Either way, snow is a natural concept because you can construct an understanding of it through direct observations, experiences with snow, or indirect knowledge (such as from films or books) (Figure 7.3). b. Familial retardation In the context of loss aversion, identify the true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. Q. pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), is an algorithm for creating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate those of a random number. A. deductive thinking. c. divergent thinking. B. Heritability has no meaning when applied to a single case. Arrows then branch off from each step to point to possible directions that you may take to solve the problem. -the functions of heart rate, breathing, and digestion -the functions of the reproductive system -sensory functions such as vision and hearing -excretory functions -the functions of heart rate, breathing, and digestion The terms short-term and working memory are sometimes used interchangeably, but they are not exactly the same. One cannot really consider long-term memory without thinking about the way it is organized. Once the information has been encoded, we have to somehow retain it. C. People disregard prior experiences or failures when making predictions about the possibility of an outcome. a. script. d. trial and error. High-imagery words are encoded both visually and semantically (Paivio, 1986), thus building a stronger memory. Returning to the computer metaphor, implicit memories are like a program running in the background, and you are not aware of their influence. On the other hand, if time is an issue, then it may be best to use a heuristic. And most of it has no impact on our lives. These are concrete, high-imagery words. It also covers how psychologists compare this approach to other ways to solve problems. Content is fact checked after it has been edited and before publication. Artificial concepts can enhance the understanding of a topic by building on one another. OTHER QUIZLET SETS. In this case, Claudia is using a(n) c. what a person knows about a particular type of object does Jessica has been searching for a new apartment. Whorf used the now-famous example of the Inuits' many words for snow to support the: c. Vygotsky A. Heritability estimates remain constant over time and across different groups. You probably find it difficult, if not impossible, to answer these questions. By the end of this section, you will be able to: Imagine all of your thoughts as if they were physical entities, swirling rapidly inside your mind. Which of the following statements is true of subgoals? D. 95, Which of the following would NOT be a case of mental retardation? A. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. A. rethink and redefine his problem. This is an example of Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F) in Business. Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's _____ abilities, whereas essay exams involve testing _____ abilities. A. the availability heuristic Students from various groups within the U.S., as well as students from other countries, may have problems with this question because it is probably Most individuals develop a clear understanding of their language's structure, as well as a large vocabulary, during. (b) Based on the correlation matrix, is collinearity a problem? Lowest rating: 3. d. mental sets. (credit: Gideon/Flickr). When packing her glassware to move into a new apartment, she runs out of protective styrofoam packing material. People ascribe greater value to things they already own when compared with objects owned by someone else. C. Vocabulary usually decreases below 50 words per day when children are between ages 9 and 11. During priming exposure to a stimulus affects the response to a later stimulus. d. 15. Event schemata like these are the reason why many habits are difficult to break once they have been acquired. How well did you do? C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. D. It refers to reasoning from a general principle that individuals know to be true to a specific instance. Mental sets An algorithm is a software used to compute numbers. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, Which of the following characteristics is essential to the process of critical thinking? Intellectual disability (formerly called mental retardation) is a condition of limited mental ability in which an individual has an IQ of ________ and has difficulty adapting to everyday life. Our ability to retrieve information from long-term memory is vital to our everyday functioning. b. confirmation bias. Sensory information about sights, sounds, smells, and even textures, which we do not view as valuable information, we discard. Even a simple sentence is easier to recall when it is meaningful (Anderson, 1984). (a) Our concept of snow is an example of a natural conceptone that we understand through direct observation and experience.

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