So you may start with moving your southwest leg in, but then you have to move your northeast leg out. They give us a sense that the meanings of words are fixed, when in fact they're not. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #8: (Speaking Italian). And I don't think any of us are thinking that it's a shame that we're not using the language of Beowulf. That's what it's all about. That said, if you hear one or two pieces of music that you really love, feel free to email us at [emailprotected] and well do our best to respond to your request. It's part of a general running indication that everything's OK between you and the other person, just like one's expected to smile a little bit in most interactions. They are ways of seeing the world. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. Well, if you have a word like that and if it's an intensifier of that kind, you can almost guess that literally is going to come to mean something more like just really. There's been a little bit of research from economists actually looking at this. There are signs it's getting even harder. (Speaking Japanese). And what we find is that if you teach people that forks go with men grammatically in a language, they start to think of forks as being more masculine. Just go to the magnifying glass in the top right corner, click on it, and use the search function at the top of the page. Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? In many languages, nouns are gendered. Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. Copyright 2018 NPR. You can't know, but you can certainly know that if could listen to people 50 years from now, they'd sound odd. So it's easy to think, oh, I could imagine someone without thinking explicitly about what they're wearing. Listen on the Reuters app. In English, actually, quite weirdly, we can even say things like, I broke my arm. And it really is an illusion that what language is, is something that sits still. If you still cant find the episode, try looking through our most recent shows on our homepage. If you're bilingual or multilingual, you may have noticed that different languages make you stretch in different ways. They are ways of seeing the world. It Takes Two: The Interpersonal Nature of Empathic Accuracy, by Jamil Zaki, Niall Bolger, Kevin Ochsner, Psychological Science, 2008. ), The Sourcebook of Listening Research: Methodology and Measures, 2018. Our transcripts are provided by various partners and may contain errors or deviate slightly from the audio. But the reason that it seems so elusive is because we don't really think about the, quote, unquote, "meaning" of things like our conversation-easing laughter. HIDDEN BRAIN < Lost in Translation: January 29, 20189:00 PM ET VEDANTAM: Well, that's kind of you, Lera. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? Psychologist Ken Sheldon studies the science of figuring out what you want. They're supposed to be painting something very personal. So one possibility for bilinguals would be that they just have two different minds inside - right? VEDANTAM: The moment she heard it, Jennifer realized mendokusai was incredibly useful. Later things are on the right. How else would you do it? Special thanks to Adam Cole, who wrote and performed our rendition of "The Hokey Pokey." There was no such thing as looking up what it originally meant. We talk with psychologist Iris Mauss, who explains why happiness Why do some companies become household names, while others flame out? This week, a story about a con with a twist. So for example, for English speakers - people who read from left to right - time tends to flow from left to right. And it's sad that we're not going to be able to make use of them and learn them and celebrate them. Interpersonal Chemistry: What Is It, How Does It Emerge, and How Does it Operate? : A Data-Driven Prescription to Redefine Professional Success, Does Legal Education Have Undermining Effects on Law Students? This week, we're going to bring you a conversation I had in front of a live audience with Richard Thaler, taped on Halloween at the Willard Intercontinental Hotel in Washington, D. Richard is a professor of behavioral sciences and economics at the University of Chicago and is a well-known author. And they have correlated this with gender features in the language, just like the ones you were talking about. You're also not going to do algebra. Newer episodes are unlikely to have a transcript as it takes us a few weeks to process and edit each transcript. Hidden Brain. But can you imagine someone without imagining their gender? There are many scholars who would say, look, yes, you do see small differences between speakers of different languages, but these differences are not really significant; they're really small. And then he would take a Polaroid of the kid and say, well, this is you. VEDANTAM: I'm Shankar Vedantam. GEACONE-CRUZ: And you're at home in your pajamas, all nice and cuddly and maybe watching Netflix or something. Psychological Safety and Learning Behavior in Work Teams, by Amy Edmondson, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1999. And you say that dictionaries in some ways paint an unrealistic portrait of a language. And maybe the convenience store or the shop is really not that far away. It's inherent. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. BORODITSKY: Well, I think it's a terrible tragedy. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? The phrase brings an entire world with it - its context, its flavor, its culture. What turns out to be the case is that it's something in between - that bilinguals don't really turn off the languages they're not using when they're not using them. It's never going to. Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, by Robert A. Emmons, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Go behind the scenes, see what Shankar is reading and find more useful resources and links. Today in our Happiness 2.0 series, we revisit a favorite episode from 2020. ), Handbook of Closeness and Intimacy, 2004. If you, grew up speaking a language other than English, you probably reach for words in your. So in terms of the size of differences, there are certainly effects that are really, really big. Languages are not just tools. 437 Episodes Produced by Hidden Brain, Shankar Vedantam Website. Whats going on here? Accuracy and availability may vary. So I think it's something that is quite easy for humans to learn if you just have a reason to want to do it. native tongue without even thinking about it. And so even though I insist that there is no scientific basis for rejecting some new word or some new meaning or some new construction, I certainly have my visceral biases. And I was telling this person about someone I knew back in America. SHANKAR VEDANTAM, HOST:This is HIDDEN BRAIN. It's never happened. Many of us believe that hard work and persistence are the key to achieving our goals. Imagine how we would sound to them if they could hear us. It's natural to want to run away from difficult emotions such as grief, anger and fear. Sometimes, life can feel like being stuck on a treadmill. It's as if you saw a person - I'm not going to say at 4 because then the person is growing up, and if I use that analogy then it seems like I'm saying that language grows up or it moves toward something or it develops. And they suggest that differences across languages do, in fact, predict some of these measures of gender equality across countries. And the way you speak right is not by speaking the way that people around you in your life speak, but by speaking the way the language is as it sits there all nice and pretty on that piece of paper where its reality exists. And we're all going to have feelings like that. But that can blind us to a very simple source of joy that's all around us. And as you point out, it's not just that people feel that a word is being misused. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? Copyright Hidden Brain Media | Privacy Policy, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. VEDANTAM: If you're bilingual or you're learning a new language, you get what Jennifer, experienced - the joy of discovering a phrase that helps you perfectly encapsulate a. feeling or an experience. You can find all Hidden Brain episodes on our website. VEDANTAM: This episode of HIDDEN BRAIN was produced by Rhaina Cohen, Maggie Penman and Thomas Lu with help from Renee Klahr, Jenny Schmidt, Parth Shah and Chloe Connelly. Lera is a cognitive science professor at the University of California, San Diego. And I did that. That is utterly arbitrary that those little slits in American society look elderly, but for various chance reasons, that's what those slits came to mean, so I started wearing flat-fronted pants. VEDANTAM: One of the points you make in the book of course is that the evolution of words and their meanings is what gives us this flowering of hundreds or thousands of languages. They're more likely to say, well, it's a formal property of the language. What a cynical thing to say, but that doesn't mean that it might not be true. and pick the featured episodes for your show. MCWHORTER: You could have fun doing such a thing. For example, when we started talking about navigation, that's an example where a 5-year-old in a culture that uses words like north, south, east and west can point southeast without hesitation. VEDANTAM: I love this analogy you have in the book where you mention how, you know, thinking that a word has only one meaning is like looking at a snapshot taken at one point in a person's life and saying this photograph represents the entirety of what this person looks like. But is that true when it comes to the pursuit of happiness? Another possibility is that it's a fully integrated mind, and it just incorporates ideas and distinctions from both languages or from many languages if you speak more than two. VEDANTAM: My guest today is - well, why don't I let her introduce herself? After claiming your Listen Notes podcast pages, you will be able to: Respond to listener comments on Listen Notes, Use speech-to-text techniques to transcribe your show and But what we should teach is not that the good way is logical and the way that you're comfortable doing it is illogical. Subscribe to the Hidden Brain Podcast on your favorite podcast player so you never miss an episode. But, you know, John, something gnaws at me every time I hear the word used wrong. We'll also look at how languages evolve, and why we're sometimes resistant to those changes. I'm Shankar Vedantam. It has to do with the word momentarily. Toula and Ian's different backgrounds become apparent on one of their very first dates. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, Goal Striving, Need Satisfaction, and Longitudinal Well-being: The Self-Concordance Model, Personal Strivings: An Approach to Personality and Subjective Well-being, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. What Makes Lawyers Happy? UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #3: (Speaking foreign language). So for example, you might not imagine the color shirt that he's wearing or the kinds of shoes that he's wearing. Let's start with the word literally. VEDANTAM: One of the ultimate messages I took from your work is that, you know, we can choose to have languages that are alive or languages that are dead. The size of this effect really quite surprised me because I would have thought at the outset that, you know, artists are these iconoclasts. But what happens when these feelings catch up with us? It might irritate you slightly to hear somebody say something like, I need less books instead of fewer books. What techniques did that person use to persuade you? 00:55:27 Hidden Brain Happiness 2.0: The Reset Button And what he noticed was that when people were trying to act like Monday, they would act like a man. Well, that's an incredibly large set of things, so that's a very broad effect of language. VEDANTAM: If you have teenagers or work closely with young people, chances are you'll be mystified by their conversations or even annoyed. But also, I started wondering, is it possible that my friend here was imagining a person without a gender for this whole time that we've been talking about them, right? This week, in the fourth and final installment of our Happiness 2.0 series, psychologist Dacher Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. : The Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Benefits of Sharing Positive Events, Perceived Partner Responsiveness as an Organizing Construct in the Study of Intimacy and Closeness, Read the latest from the Hidden Brain Newsletter. So to give you a very quick wrap-up is that some effects are big, but even when effects aren't big, they can be interesting or important for other reasons - either because they are very broad or because they apply to things that we think are really important in our culture. Because were a small team, we dont have a publicly-available list of every piece of music that we use. This takes kids a little while to figure out, and he had all kinds of clever ways to ask these questions. All rights reserved. In this favorite episode from 2021, Cornell University psychologist Anthony Burrow explains why purpose isnt something to be found its something we can develop from within. Maybe it's, even less than 100 meters away, but you just can't bring yourself to even throw your, coat on over your pajamas, and put your boots on, and go outside and walk those, hundred meters because somehow it would break the coziness, and it's just too much of, an effort, and you can't be bothered to do it, even though it's such a small thing. VEDANTAM: Around the world, we often hear that many languages are dying, and there are a few megalanguages that are growing and expanding in all kinds of ways. But, in fact, they were reflecting this little quirk of grammar, this little quirk of their language and in some cases, you know, carving those quirks of grammar into stone because when you look at statues that we have around - of liberty and justice and things like this - they have gender. No matter how hard you try to feel happier, you end up back where you started. In this episode, we explore how long-term relationships have changed over time and whether we might be able to improve marriage by asking less of it. UNIDENTIFIED WOMAN #3: (Speaking foreign language). The transcript below may be for an earlier version of this episode. Whats going on here? Lera said there's still a lot of research to be done on this. You can search for the episode or browse all episodes on our Archive Page. (Speaking Japanese). This week, we continue our look at the science of influence with psychologist Robert Cialdini, and explore how these techniques can be used for both good and evil. But, if you dig a little deeper, you may find that they share much more: they might make the same amount of money as you, or share the, We all have to make certain choices in life, such as where to live and how to earn a living. Researcher Elizabeth Dunn helps us map out the unexpected ways w, Having a sense of purpose can be a buffer against the challenges we all face at various stages of life. If you're like most people, you probably abandoned those resolutions within a few weeks. Of course, eventually, the Finnish kids also figured it out because language isn't the only source of that information, otherwise it would be quite surprising for the Finns to be able to continue to reproduce themselves. It should just be, here is the natural way, then there's some things that you're supposed to do in public because that's the way it is, whether it's fair or not. Whereas speakers of a language like Spanish might not be quite as good at remembering who did it when it's an accident, but they're better at remembering that it was an accident. Maybe they like the same kinds of food, or enjoy the same hobbies. If you prefer to listen through a podcast app, here are links to our podcast on Apple, Spotify, and Stitcher. So if the word for death was masculine in your language, you were likely to paint death as a man. This week, we kick off a month-long series we're calling Happiness 2.0. Evaluating Changes in Motivation, Values, and Well-being, by Kennon M. Sheldon and Lawrence S. Krieger, Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 2004. BORODITSKY: And Russian is a language that has grammatical gender, and different days of the week have different genders for some reason. It takes, GEACONE-CRUZ: It's this phrase that describes something between I can't be, bothered or I don't want to do it or I recognize the incredible effort that goes into. They shape our place in it. UNIDENTIFIED PERSON #4: (Speaking foreign language). When we come back, I'm going to ask you about why languages change and whether there are hidden rules that shape why some words are more likely to evolve than others. Imagine you meet somebody, they're 39 and you take their picture. MCWHORTER: Yeah. This week, we continue our look at the science of influence with psychologist Robert Cialdini, and explore how th, We all exert pressure on each other in ways small and profound. BORODITSKY: And when they were trying to act like Wednesday, they would act like a woman BORODITSKY: Which accords with grammatical gender in Russian. And if they were facing east, they would make the cards come toward them, toward the body. We'll be back momentarily. Purpose can also boost our health and longevity. So for example, if Sam grabbed a hammer and struck the flute in anger, that would be one description, like, Sam broke the flute. This is a database with millions of art images. VEDANTAM: Our conversation made me wonder about what this means on a larger scale.

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