Baton laws vary by state. Let's see. If you hit hard on the hands, chest, or any other body part, you will inflict a lot of pain that incapacitates them for a brief period of time. By purchasing a self-defense weapon from us, you understand and acknowledge that KnightOwlSurvivalStore does not warrant that you may legally purchase, possess, or carry these products according to any state or local laws. When you hear the phrase best Collapsible baton or expandable baton, the first thing that comes to your mind is a police officer or a law enforcement officer. Steel, aluminum, or at the very least, black polypropylene (which is an extremely tough plastic) are the materials of choice. The Smith and Wesson batons are not ideal for law enforcement agencies or security guards. The expandable baton has an extended tip that allows you to quietly deploy the baton without alerting the attacker. Expandable - Also called a telescopic baton, this type consists of 2 or 3 shafts that slide into one another to reduce its size when not in use. And in these uncertain financial times that is understandable. Expandable batons are legal to carry in most states. Spengler splits her time between the French Basque Country and Northern California. In an event where it is a matter of life-and-death and you must preserve your life, you might be forced to use the expandable baton as a lethal weapon. It is also one of the most affordable and probably most widely weapons used. It should be approximately the length from the inner base of your forearm to the middle joint of your middle finger. , 2007 Dangerous Weapons Control Law 12020 thru 12040 Unlawful Carrying and Possession. It also comes with a lifetime repair or replacement guarantee. You wouldnt want to be on the wrong side of the law. if the answer to this is YES in your state, here are some benefits of owning an expandable baton. It is important for you to select the best collapsible baton that suits your budget. What is the Difference between FFP and SFP? Physical distance- expandable batons have an adjustable length. GENERAL LAWS OF MASSACHUSETTS PART IV. The PPBT "Personal Protection Baton Tactics" program is designed for public safety officers who deal with conflict or potential violence. You need to firmly push the baton against a hard surface to retract it. You can also add more grip to the baton by adding in any of the ASP accessories such as end caps. 265.01 Criminal possession of a weapon in the fourth degree. These Retractable batons come with a lifetime warranty. It is one of the best collapsible batons in the market and features a simple design for effective and rapid deployment and retraction. Length When it comes to expandable batons there are two lengths to consider. The S&W 12-Inch Compact Pocket Baton is a mere 4 3/8 inches when closed. One of the primary issues encircling the use of an expandable baton is retention. Batons and sticks are legal to own in many states, except in some states where civilians are not allowed to carry them for self-defense purposes. A person is guilty of criminal possession of a weapon in the fourth degree when: (1) He possesses any firearm, electronic dart gun, electronic stun gun, gravity knife, switchblade knife, pilum ballistic knife, metal knuckle knife, cane sword, billy, blackjack, bludgeon, metal knuckles, chuka stick, sand bag, sandclub, wrist-brace type slingshot or slungshot, shirken or Kung Fu star; or (2) He possesses any dagger, dangerous knife, dirk, razor, stiletto, imitation pistol, or any other dangerous or deadly instrument or weapon with intent to use the same unlawfully against another; 46.01. The expandable baton provides you with a solid grip and a great swing. Other than collapsible batons, there are other tools that you can carry and use for self-defense. Instead, they use the threat of pain to control people who are either rioting or interfering with peoples peace. An expandable baton is an effective non-lethal deterrent. Your baton should open quickly and effectively with a single snap. Pepper Spray Laws. There is no federal law that bans carrying a collapsible baton but it is illegal to carry a collapsible baton in a few states including California, Massachusetts, New York, and Washington D.C. Are Expandable Batons Legal to Carry? Smith & Wesson 16-Inch Heat Treated Collapsible Baton, 6. It is a heavy baton but you can still deploy it with just a flick of your wrist. We were impressed by how solid this baton felt to wield when fully extended. Simple- unlike other weapons like guns, expandable batons do not require ammunition or other accessories to use. What do I Need to Survive in the Wilderness? The non-slip rubber handle enables a solid grip in all conditions, and at less than 1 pound the baton is not going to weigh you down. They are budget-friendly and offer a great weapon for home self-defense and are easy to use. We have not found a state law from any state that mentions expandable baton laws or telescopic baton laws. Rubberized grip ensures handling is secure and firm. 503 746-6523 503 356-4949, Technically only illegal "with a purpose to employ as a weapon against a person.". District of Columbia 224514. Jan Brewer passed Senate Bill 1108 in April, 2010, which . Its rock solid from stem to stern and is sure to make its presence felt when swung with purpose. The length when the baton is extended and the length when its closed. Expandable batons come in different sizes and with different features depending on the brand and the manufacturer. . Batons made from quality alloy are expensive to purchase. The Bud K doesnt have the pedigree of S&W or ASP. History of Crossbows, 6 Best Night Vision Scopes for Predator Hunting. These batons can be very dangerous, and owning or carrying one is illegal in a number of states. To the best of our knowledge, at present there are no Federal restrictions on the purchase or possession of batons, expandable or otherwise. 100% legal, despite popular misconception. There is no federal law that bans carrying an expandable baton . to . This is a friction lock baton that snaps open quickly and locks into place with no muss or fuss. In some locations an expandable baton falls under the term club, billy or bludgon and therefore it would be illegal. Available in different sizes(12, 16,20,21,24 inches), Available in different sizes- (12,16,19,21,22,26,31 inches), the blade material is made of 4130 seamless Alloy steel tubing. The paint on the baton easily flakes off. It comes with a belt holder that allows you to carry and store the baton. In the USA, most baton injuries are caused by people throwing them into car windows and then running them into other people. The only state laws that ban the use of expandable batons are California, Massachusetts, New York, and Washington D.C. Other than those states expandable batons are legal. Laws & Restrictions. Most batons made using aluminum are affordable since aluminum is not that expensive. In such states, you need to be a police officer or on-duty security guard with a permit to legally carry an expandable baton. The best expandable batons are fashioned from high-quality materials including steel, aluminum and high-grade, impact-resistant plastic. Closed length will affect extended length so you will need to balance the two considerations. And the baton collapses back down by just giving the end a tap on a solid surface. What is the best weapon to carry for self-defense. 5801 et seq. Yes, they are very effective in offering nonlethal strikes and protection and dont cause injury. Overall, to help answer the question Are expandable batons legal to carry? Berkeley's Boalt Hall. In a case like this, you will be required to strike extra-hard and quickly towards the assailants head. Expandable Baton Laws. If you need to see the whole list of over 50 Baton Holders. You can carry the baton using a holster. Similar cases suggest general hostility to carry. Here are some of the things to consider when buying an expandable baton. There is no federal law that bans carrying a collapsible baton. However, since batons are less-lethal weapons for self-defense, you should avoid hitting areas such as the neck or back of the head where the skull meets with the spine. And in a few states they are illegal. Hitting someone hardly with a sturdy piece of metal can easily break their bones. This crime can either be filed as a felony or a misdemeanor and the prosecution could include imprisonment and/or a fine. It includes a matching scabbard that you can use to close the baton. Ideally, everything goes as planned and you Read more, Whether youll apply them in tactical situations or on night hunts, night vision binoculars are an item you dont want to skimp on. Firearms are the ultimate equalizer but they arent much good without the right ammunition. California, for example, lists batons in its "generally prohibited weapons" list in the penal code. In Massachusetts, New York, and Washington D.C. batons are illegal to carry, but legal to own for home use. It is an expensive expandable baton but it offers you reliability and efficiency. As such, the average person needs an alternative way to ward off attackers that does not include delivering a deadly shot. Collapsible batons range from 16-26 inches. Home State and Local Laws Expandable Baton Laws, Published: April 23, 2021Last Modified: November 21, 2022. We will also go through the Best Baton Holders and the Best Belts for the Batons, Police belts, Utility belts, and Concealed Carry Belts for the Batons. to conceal "any deadly weapon," but doesn't apply outside a city if Schrade 21 Expandable Friction Lock Baton, 7. Check with local law enforcement or an attorney if you are unsure. What States are Collapsible Batons Legal? Otherwise, each state has its own exceptions. Possession of certain dangerous weapons prohibited; exceptions. ASP Talon Disc-Loc Baton. Illegal to carry a billy "with intent to use the same unlawfully against another" or in a government building. When a state regulates batons, it isn't the type that cheerleaders carry. As an Assistant Attorney General in Juneau, she practiced before the Alaska Supreme Court and the U.S. Supreme Court before opening a plaintiff's personal injury practice in San Francisco. But it is fashioned from high-grade materials, weighs less than a pound and is a full 26 inches long when deployed. An expandable baton is a compact, telescoping pole that can be deployed in seconds in order to help you deter an adversary. Cost While an expandable baton wont set you back as much as a high-quality handgun and ammunition, some of them are not exactly cheap. This is a no-nonsense self defense instrument thats light, tough, and dependable. has self-defense provision. In this review, we will answer the following questions, Here are comprehensive reviews for the best collapsible batons/Retractable batons. Rugged belt sheath included. ATN Thor 4 Thermal Rifle Scope Review and Manual, 3 Best Vortex Rangefinders for Bow Hunting, 5 Best Rangefinder Binoculars for Bow Hunting, 7 Best Rifle Scopes for Deer Hunting under $500. Weight Retractable batons are made from heavy-duty materials such as aluminum or carbon. High-quality expandable batons are fashioned from steel, aluminum, impact resistant plastic and other durable materials. self-defense is not a "common lawful purpose. In a few states such as Hawaii, California and New York it is illegal to carry an expandable baton for the purposes of self defense, unless you are police officer or a private security officer with the right permit. Fish Bats don't count, unless carried as a weapon. Comes with a black 1680 denier outer shell belt sheath. ", Spring-loaded baton is illegal, but could possibly be extended to any "weapon of like kind. In most states, expandable batons are legal for civilians to buy and carry for non-lethal self-defense use. The expandable batons can be used for self-defense. In which case, you will be wielding it with the weasel right in your face. This is a bit of a complicated law. What most people don't know is that mace and pepper spray are 100% legal in all states. Teo Spengler earned a J.D. By purchasing a self-defense weapon from us, the buyer warrants that he/she is in compliance with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding the purchase, ownership and use of the item. Expandable batons can provide the ability to keep an assailant at bay long enough to effect an escape or call for help. Retractable batons can also be used for self-defense by civilians, these are mostly known as self-defense batons. These include a pocket knife, pepper spray, stun guns, flashlights, and tactical pens. They are legal in most, but not all, states and provide a non-lethal alternative to handguns. Smith & Wesson 24 Quick Release Baton is one of the best Smith and Wesson expandable batons, the baton features steel construction and push-button collapsing for easy retraction and deployment. So make sure you check with local ordinances before buying and carrying one. The Police Force baton is compact and can be carried in your pocket. Supply Chains and the Everything Shortage. By expanding the baton and holding it out in front of you, you also expand the personal defense bubble around yourself. The strikes are more effective, A fixed baton serves better as a symbol of authority and greater intimidation to threat compared to collapsible batons, Collapsible batons are way expensive compared to the normally fixed batons, Fixed batons are faster and easy to draw in emergencies as they dont need to be extended before use, Collapsible batons may collapse when in use, Collapsible batons tend to be lighter and sometimes may not deliver the intended strike. Not everyone has a C-note to drop on an expandable baton. It comes with a holster for easy storage and transportation. Maintaining distance between yourself and a perceived threat is basic self defense (1). An expandable baton is a telescoping pole of moderate length that is deployed with the flick of a wrist and provides an effective non-lethal tool for warding off potential attacks. Expandable batons provide non-lethal protection. Here you will find laws and restrictions regarding a variety of self-defense products, namely pepper spray and stun guns. We use cookies to enhance your browsing experience. If your baton is too long, it can end up hitting your body. Ease of deployment Most expandable batons are what is called friction lock (5) batons. Some states have laws that make it a crime to possess retractable batons. After all, a person cannot grab or strike you if they cannot reach you. Several states also have laws governing whether or not a person can carry an expandable baton. There is no federal law that bans carrying an expandable baton . to possess "other implement for the infliction of serious bodily , the answer is yes and no. be a "dangerous or deadly weapon," but isn't named explicitly. Chapter 269: Section 10. You should mainly aim for the knee, elbow, or hands as they have less meat or muscle protecting them. Unless, of course, theyre lethal While it is unlikely you will kill someone by striking them with a baton, it is theoretically possible. The Fox Tactical Expandable Baton is an affordable baton. (a) A person commits an offense if he intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carries on or about his person a handgun, illegal knife, or club. Engineered to turn a subjects pockets inside out, reducing the risk of getting stuck with sharp objects. Its compact for easy carrying and rapid deployment. When carrying an expendable baton, there are multiple ways you can use this valuable tool for self-defense. The law states that it is unlawful for any person to "draw or exhibit any deadly weapon . Retractable batons, like the police carry, are built to pack a punch, and become small enough to conceal in a deep pocket. This issue of self defense in America is an extremely complex one (6) with laws governing conduct during a confrontation varying from state to state. Can you legally carry a collapsible baton? For instance, some states put strict limits on how long a knife blade can be, while other states forbid folding knives with spring loaded openings (7). It should also be unaffected by adverse weather conditions. People can carry them as long as they do not use them to intently cause property damage or death. But you can do that while youre watching TV or waiting for your morning coffee to drip. History of Crossbows, 6 Best Night Vision Scopes for Predator Hunting. It is much simpler and safer to use a stick in a self-defense situation than to use a gun, knife, stun gun, taser, and so on. A person is guilty of criminal possession of a weapon in the fourth degree when: (1) He possesses any firearm, electronic dart gun, electronic stun gun, gravity knife, switchblade knife, pilum ballistic knife, metal knuckle knife, cane sword, billy, blackjack, bludgeon, metal knuckles, chuka stick, sand bag, sandclub, wrist-brace type slingshot The Monadnock 21-Inch AutoLock Baton is a premium self defense item that opens in a jiffy every time and has a 3-piece hardened steel alloy shaft. If you choose to use your expandable baton for lethal purposes, make sure that you are able to justify your actions clearly that you saw a threat to your life and you had no other way of stopping the attack. Garrison Leather Belt US Made. Defining California's Baton Laws. The baton comes with a lifetime warranty from ASP. But they are becoming increasingly popular with average citizens who recognize the world for the sometimes dangerous place it is, and want to give themselves every advantage when it comes to emerging from a potential scuffle. Smith and Wesson Expandable Baton is a unique baton that does not include a ball-bearing mechanism but does have a friction lock. But the S&W 12-Inch also comes with a durable belt clip that can be used to fasten it to the inside pocket of a jacket or coat. The baton has comes with a ball-bearing mechanism that is more effective than the friction lock. It should not be surprising since the best ones are, after all, fashioned from high-quality materials and built to stand a lot of punishment. They are also safe for you because they hardly cause accidental harm. Who Invented Crossbows? Limited range Unlike a gun or pepper spray the baton is a close contact weapon. The expandable baton is holster-friendly and comes with a button to deploy it. (b) No person shall within the District of Columbia possess, with intent to use unlawfully against another, an imitation pistol, or a dagger, dirk, razor, stiletto, or knife with a blade longer than 3 inches, or other dangerous weapon. ), or that he possessed it briefly in consequence of having found it or taken it from an aggressor, or under circumstances similarly negativing any intent or likelihood that the weapon would be used unlawfully. And sometimes you want one that is so discreet you can carry it anywhere with impunity and always have it available, just in case. Legal Self Defense Batons. The baton is a little heavier because it is made from lower-quality alloy. There is a similar device which expands with a spring that the user can actuate. There are so many collapsible batons and self-defense batons available in the market, making it hard, Strong 1000 Denier Cordura Nylon and Industrial Velcro, Flashlight Holder Baton Pouch with Adjustable Paddle, all length flashlight, tactical torch, baton, pepper spray, stretch diameter 0.8-1.2 by pushing the side panel, adjustable adhesive fastener tape 45.3 to 53.1, Top11 Best LPVO Scopes(Budget,AR15,Hunting), 8 Best Spotting Scopes for Long Range,Hunting,Birding, 7 Best Gaiters for Snakes / Snakeproof Gaiters, 8 Best Hunting Scopes for Deer,Elk,Coyotes 2023, 7 Best Hornady Reloading Kits (Complete & For Beginners), 7 Best Big Tents for Camping /Large Tents for Camping, 9 Best Ammo Reloading Kits (Complete & Starter Kits), 6 Best Scopes for 308 Ruger Precision Rifle, 7 Best Vortex LPVO Scopes (1-4,1-6,1-8,1-10,FFP,Razor), 5 Best Night Vision Compatible Red Dot Sights, 8 Best Red Dots with Unlimited Eye Relief, 6 Best Vortex Red Dots for Turkey Hunting, 5 Best Trijicon Red Dot Sights for Pistol,Shotgun,ar-15, 10 Best AR Scopes for 3 Gun,Coyote,Hog,Deer Hunting, 8 Best Rimfire Scopes for 22LR,Hunting,Competition, 6 Best Varmint Scopes for AR-15, 223 & 22-250, 7 Best DMR Scopes (308,Budget,AR15,Airsoft), 7 Best Vortex Scopes for Whitetail Hunting, 5 Best Co2 Air Rifles,Powerful Co2 Air Rifles, 7 Best Vortex Scopes for Long Range Shooting, 7 Best Rifle Scopes with Illuminated Reticles, 6 Best Vortex Scopes for AR (AR 15 /AR 10), 5 Best Night Vision Scopes for Pellet Gun, 7 Best Night Vision Scopes for Air Rifles, 7 Best Night Vision Scopes for Coyote Hunting, 7 Best Scopes for 6.5 Creedmoor under $500, 7 Best 308 Scopes(Long Range,Bolt Action & Hunting), 8 Best Scopes for 22lr.Best 22lr Scopes Reviewed, 7 Best Cordless Chainsaws with Battery and Charger. Washington DC (District of Columbia) Expandable Baton Laws. Considering the customer-friendly price its an outstanding value. California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Hawaii Illinois Iowa Kansas Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota New Jersey New York Nevada Pennsylvania In most states, expandable batons are legal to carry even for civilians. As a weapon like guns and firearms, you need to pass your baton through your checked baggage. An expandable baton does not require ammunition. Concealment is important because you dont want to draw attention to yourself. Collapsible batons, also known as expandable batons are non-lethal weapons that can be used for many things including self-defense, used while hiking, or to stop a perpetrator from running from the police. and an M.F.A in creative writing and enjoys writing legal blogs and articles. Best AGM Global Vision Thermal Scope.Top 6, Best Ruger 10/22 scopes,Rimfire Scopes, Red Dots, 5 Best Scopes for 300 Win Mag for Hunting, 7 Best Scopes for Long Range Shooting and Hunting, Best Gamo Air Rifles Hunting Small game, Squirrels,Rabbits, 5 Fastest Air Rifles [ The Most Powerful Air Rifles ]. Whether you are a police officer or a civilian who needs the best collapsible baton to apprehend criminals or for self-defense; you need to ensure that the baton you select is durable and reliable enough. ASP are well-known in law enforcement and security circles for their impressive array of high-quality expandable batons. Generally, expandable batons have a length of 16-inches when retracted but they extend to different lengths depending on the specific model. As such, it is illegal to carry a baton for the purposes . What Should be in a Camping Survival Kit? Instead, you will need to immobilize them. Therefore, it is important that you check with your state and local laws and see whether you are permitted to carry an expandable baton whether in your bag or car. They inflict pain on the person attacking them to defend themselves. A powerful blow to the head or throat with a steel baton could result in serious injury or even the death of an assailant. They are very concealable and do not attract unless when deployed. The expandable baton has an extended tip that allows you to quietly deploy the baton without alerting the attacker. Can you swing a stick? You also need to select the best collapsible batons in the market that suits your budget. In an increasingly uncertain world, carrying an expandable baton is a simple, affordable way to enhance your personal security profile. While that might not seem like anything to cry about, it could put you in some legal hot water (8). These areas are more likely to stop the attacker immediately. Smith & Wesson 16-Inch Heat Treated Collapsible Baton 2. So while its an excellent self-defense tool, just remember the baton is not the best deterrent ever created. The baton has a solid and quality construction that is effective in practice or in an actual threatening environment. And the steel shaft will leave an unmistakable impression on the psyche of any would-be assailant. When law enforcement officers are in training, they are taught to use batons for crowd control purposes. CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS. 7 Best Pellet Guns for Squirrels Hunting and Shooting, HOLOSUN HS407CO X2 8MOA Open Circle Reflex Sight, 5 Best Scopes for Ruger 10/22 Squirrel Hunting, 7 Best Rangefinding Binoculars for Hunting, 4 Best ATN Scopes(Thermal & Night Vision), 8 Best Collapsible Batons for Self Defense. It has a textured grip, to provide you with a firm and comfortable grip to prevent losing the weapon while swinging. It is an affordable expandable baton that is ideal for everyday use. When not in use the baton is collapsed into a small size for easy carry, concealment, and storage. . The shaft is composed of 3 sections of steel alloy tubing that will not wither in the heat of battle. While batons can and do provide many people with a simple, dependable way to increase their personal security, they are not without their limitations and potential drawbacks. No experience required- batons are not complicated and hence you do not need much training on how to handle a self-defense baton. With a deployed length of 16 inches youre able to keep an assailant at arms length and then some, while you simultaneously convince them of the error of their ways. It features a button end cap and disc locking system to allow the user to easily close it without the need of slamming it on a hard surface. It is important for you to select the expandable baton that has all the features that you need. 7 Best Pellet Guns for Iguana shooting/Hunting, 5 Best EOTech Holographic Sights with Magnifier Combo, 5 Best Leupold Scope Covers & Lens Covers, 7 Best Pellet Guns to Kill Crows,Shooting Crows, 6 Best Holosun Sights for Pistol,Rifle,Shotgun, 7 Best Expandable Batons for Self Defense, Smith & Wesson 21 / 26 Steel Expandable Baton With Holster, Smith and Wesson Expandable Batons and Holders, Best Baton Holders for Collapsible Batons, Best Baton Holsters and Belts for Expandable Batons, Shopping Tips for the Best Collapsible Baton, Choosing the Best Collapsible Baton Video Guide, Best Self-Defense Batons. Also exempt from this section are forensic firearms experts or forensic firearms laboratories operating in the ordinary course of business and engaged in lawful operation who notify in writing, on an annual basis, the chief or head of any police force or police department of a city, and, elsewhere, the sheriff of a county in which they are located, of the possession, type and use of offensive weapons. At 21 inches long when deployed its a formidable ally that doesnt take any guff from aggressive swine. They are also the best self-defense batons. The name of the ASP 26-Inch Electroless Baton can be a bit confusing. The ASP Talon Infinity snaps open with authority and stays locked in place while in use. Always find out what laws stand in your locality, state, or region before purchasing or carrying an expandable baton. The baton has comes with a ball-bearing mechanism that is more effective than the friction lock. If youre looking for a truly affordable self defense baton thats well-made and should help deter losers from trying to steal your lunch money, the Bud K Expandable Baton is a common sense choice. Below are the best expandable batons of 2022. An expandable baton is a collapsible metallic club often used by law enforcement. The best expandable batons should be lightweight made from quality material to prevent them from breaking when you are defending yourself. A 16-inch expandable baton might feel a little short but is okay for home self-defense. New York Laws: Penal : (265.00265.40) Firearms And Other Dangerous Weapons. They should never use a baton to injure or kill. On the positive side it appeals to those who dont believe in using deadly force for self defense. In New York, the laws regarding batons are not very clear. The manufacturer provides you with a belt holster, but you may find it hard to withdrawal the weapon quickly when you want to use it. We are a Woman-Owned Business Serving Peoples Self Defense Needs. However, we cannot positively assert that claim as accurate. As we said, ASP is known for their expandable batons. The 26 inches, on the other hand, can feel too long for civilian users but is great for law enforcement personnel. In most states, expandable batons are legal for civilians to buy and carry for non-lethal self-defense use. An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed on any premises licensed or issued a permit by this state for the sale of alcoholic beverages. Retractable batons are very effective in self-defense. As much as expandable batons are weapons and there should be laws guiding their use and ownership, we have several reasons why states allow their civilians to carry them. The collapsible baton sells for a reasonable price, making it a great alternative for self-defense protection at home. She holds both an M.A. The expandable baton is holster-friendly and comes with a button to deploy it. Pepper Spray Laws. In all states, police officers can carry retractable batons without incurring criminal penalties. However, we cannot positively assert that claim as accurate. Like the Talon Infinity, the Friction Loc is 21 inches long when deployed, and is crafted from a combination of steel alloy and aircraft grade aluminum. And thats important because many states prohibit the use of lethal force in self-defense (2). The tactical expandable baton is ideal for civilians who need an on-the-go and home self-defense weapon. ARTICLE 2. Ideally one that is rubber, rubberized (4), or made of foam.

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