As at 30 June 2019, 15% of females and 6% of males were serving sentences of less than 12 months. CJS_Statistics@justice.gov.uk. Offenders under supervision or in custody, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Women and the Criminal Justice System 2019, nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3, Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW): year ending March 2020, Homicide in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, Nature of Violent Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, CPS Quarterly Data Summaries Quarter 4 2019/20, Police Powers and Procedures, England and Wales, year ending 31 March 2020, Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019, Criminal Justice Statistics quarterly: December 2019, Probation (Community Orders and Suspended Sentence Orders), Discipline in Prison Establishments (Adjudications), Her Majestys Prison and Probation Service, https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/, Crime in England and Wales Annual Trend and Demographic Tables, Nature of Violent Crime, England and Wales: year ending 2019 (appendix tables), Criminal Court Statistics (annual): January to March 2020, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020/criminal-court-statistics-quarterly-april-to-june-2020, Criminal Court Statistics (quarterly): January to March 2020, Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/930457/Guide-to-proven-reoffending_Oct20.pdf, Source: GCSE and equivalent results: 2013 to 2014 (revised) National tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Main national tables: Table 3a: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils at the end of key stage 4 by type of school and gender, Source: GCSE and equivalent attainment by pupil characteristics: 2014 - National and local authority tables: Table 1, Source: GCSE and equivalent results in England: 2014 to 2015 (revised) Characteristics national tables: Table CH1: GCSE and equivalent entries and achievements of pupils and the end of key stage 4 by pupil characteristics. There are still more single moms raising children, but it's likely inaccurate that the court is biased toward granting women custody. In 2019/20, 27.6% of females aged 16-74 reported being victims of domestic abuse once or more since age 16, double that of males (13.8%)[footnote 17]. The proportion of PNDs issued to females was stable at 22% until 2018 when it fell to 19% and then to 18% in 2019. For example, 52% of young females who received a suspended sentence had 5 or more GCSEs graded A* to G, compared to 44% of young males. In 2018, the Ministry of Justice published the Female Offender Strategy, which sets out the departments vision and plan to improve outcomes for women in the community and custody. This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology. Receipt of subsequent information which alters our understanding of previous periods (for example late recording on one of the administrative IT systems used operationally). For both sexes, the 30 to 39 age range represented the highest number of those prosecuted in 2019. Figure 7.12: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 with a record of fixed period exclusion, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.5). As at June 2019, the female prison population was 3,800 and has decreased 3% over the last 5 years, compared to 78,900 for the male prison population (decreasing 4% over the same time period). This has remained broadly stable since 2015. There is only ever one principal suspect per homicide victim. , Data on Prison Population uses the 30 June 2019 snapshot from the Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2019. In the latest year, a higher proportion of females were issued PNDs for theft (retail under 100) compared to males, whereas males were more often issued PNDs for possession of cannabis compared to females (see Figure 4.04). This varies by offence type, females accounted for a higher proportion of prosecutions for summary offences (29%) than indictable offences (14%). A technical document titled A Guide to Statistics on Women and the Criminal Justice System is available alongside this report, which provides users with information on the concepts and terminology used within the report, as well as information about data sources, data quality and references. Of the females remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences in 2019, 80% were White, 10% were Black, 4% were Asian, 5% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. Overall personal crime rates continue to decrease from 2015/16. This proportions differ from the total prison population, which were 95% and 5% respectively. A first time offender is an offender who has been arrested by police in England or Wales; and who has received a first conviction, caution or youth caution for any offence[footnote 87] recorded on the Police National Computer. Figure 7.07: Proportion of males and female offenders by offending history, England and Wales, 2015 and 2019. This is particularly true in relation to the most serious offence types and sentences, though patterns by sex vary between individual offences. Benefit fraud females made up 55% of the 98 summary convictions in 2019, down 3 pp from 2015. Intimate violence refers to a range of physical and non-physical abuse including domestic abuse, sexual assault and stalking. In general, the higher the proportion of students who received FSM, the higher the severity of the disposal category. Significantly more females were victim to theft from the person, than males. Throughout this report we refer to sex rather than gender, because the binary classification better reflects how individuals are generally reported or managed through the CJS. Finally, children from broken common-law unions (84 percent), as well as children from Quebec (87 percent), were most likely to remain in the custody of their mothers, and there is possibly a link between these two results. Compared to male offenders, a larger proportion of female offenders were prosecuted for summary offences, which may account for this difference. Cannabis warnings and community resolutions will not be considered when looking at out of court disposals because they are not recorded by sex. In 2019/20, 3.9% of male adults reported being the victim once or more of a CSEW personal crime (excluding fraud and computer misuse; down from 4.5%). The overall level of concordance between sentences proposed and sentences given (excluding Other) has fallen from 74% in 2017 to 68% in 2018 and was 60% in 2019. , Data is from CSEW 2019 annual supplementary tables. , See technical guide for more information on PNDs. Further information on other strands of defendants prosecuted for domestic abuse, rape and child abuse can be found in the CPS Quarterly Data Summaries Quarter 4 2019/20[footnote 6]. This is largely due to the introduction of the offence of assaulting an emergency worker in 2018, for which 3,300 females were prosecuted in 2019. Figure 7.08: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 that achieved 5 or more GCSEs (or equivalents) graded A* to G by gender and disposal category[footnote 98] (Source: Table 7.1). Figure 6.01: Prison population, by sex, June 2015 to June 2019. Section 95 of the Criminal Justice Act 1991 states that: The Secretary of State shall in each year publish such information as they consider expedient for the purpose of facilitating the performance of those engaged in the administration of justice to avoid discriminating against any persons on the ground of race or sex or any other improper ground. Truancy females made up 71% of the 19,600 convictions in 2019, down 2 pp from 2015. Youth custody statistics for October 2013 published. The median time from charge for first listing decreased for females (down 12%) but increased for males (up 15%). Likewise, only slight changes have been seen since 2015 regarding female representation in CPS staff (65% in 2015; 66% in 2019). In this section any analysis is conducted where the gender of the offender is known. These figures are calculated differently from those used for the Criminal Justice Statistics Quarterly: December 2019 bulletin, which is used as the basis for the section on plea at the Crown Court and the remainder of the Crown Court committal section they are not directly comparable to these sections. Father-headed households 400,000 families were headed by lone fathers in 2012, representing 13.5% of all single-parent households in the UK according to the Office for National Statistics. In 2018/19, 671 homicides took place; 64% of victims were male and 36% were female. Please refer to the accompanying technical guide for further details. For example, young males receiving more than 12 months in custody were more likely to receive any pass in GCSEs than young females (69% v 64%), whereas the reverse was true for young males receiving 12 months or less in custody. This chapter also includes analysis on the educational attainment and overall educational background of offenders through a data sharing exercise between MoJ and DfE. , Standard PSR A standard delivery (adjourned) Pre-Sentence Report is based on a full risk assessment and is suitable for medium and high seriousness cases and/or where a custody is being considered. The proportion of female children remanded in custody (17%) was lower than male children (48%). A greater proportion of female offenders are sentenced for offences that tend to receive shorter sentences. The total prison population as at 30 June 2019[footnote 60] was 82,700. Once in prison, females generally reported a better experience when: on arrival, on the first night, induction and life on the wing. Time Method View help for Time Method The indictable offences with the highest proportion of females among those convicted in 2019 were: Cruelty to or neglect of children females made up 60% of the 427 convictions in 2019, the same proportion as in 2015. In comparison, 21,500 males were remanded in custody at the Crown Court for indictable offences: 72% of these were White, 14% were Black, 7% were Asian, 4% were Mixed and 2% were Chinese and Other. Females had a higher average number of reoffences per reoffender compared to males, at 4.33 and 3.99, respectively. In contrast to what is seen for police and magistrates courts remand, females consistently had a higher proportion than males to be bailed at the Crown Court. Mental health needs were higher for young females, the majority of which were for emotional and behavioural issues, affecting 31% of females and 18% of males. in the year ending March 2019, 27.8% of people in youth custody were Black - more than double the percentage in the year ending March 2006 (12.5%) White people made up around half (50.6%) of young people in . The number of individuals formally dealt with by the CJS includes defendants prosecuted at magistrates court and individuals given a caution or Penalty Notice for Disorder (PND). , Defendants are reported against their principal (i.e. Females represented 5% of the prison population and this proportion has remained stable over the last five years. Figure 8.03: Indictable offences with the highest proportion of female convictions, England and Wales, 2019. Some 18 year olds remain in the secure estate for children and young people if they only have a short period of their sentence to serve, to avoid disrupting their regimes. , A permanent exclusion refers to a pupil who is excluded and who will not come back to that school (unless the exclusion is overturned). National Statistics status can be removed at any point when the highest standards are not maintained and reinstated when standards are restored. Secure Childrens Homes and Secure Training Centres are for males (those who are younger or have more complex needs) and females aged 10-17. , Data is from Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019. A fast delivery PSR is only suitable where the case was of low seriousness or medium seriousness, and where the court indicates that a community sentence is being considered. Of the 34,300 defendants convicted for shoplifting, 9,600 (28%) were female. These single parents are raising as many as 22.4 million children. This report provides an overview of these children and their custodial parents, including their socioeconomic characteristics and the types and the amount of child support received from noncustodial parents. , Self-declared from HR records, for serving magistrates, as at 1 April 2020. In 2019, the proportion of children prosecuted for indictable offences that were females was 10%. GillespieShields. The number of arrests has remained stable over the last 3 years following a previously downward trend. Where a source is not National Statistics, users should consider this when making judgements about the weight that can be put on related findings. Full details on data limitations and conclusion can be found in the technical guide. A higher proportion of female defendants were not remanded by police, which may be due in part to the different types of offences for which females and males are prosecuted and hence the risk they are perceived as representing. version of this document in a more accessible format, please email, Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Safety in the Children and Young People Secure Estate: Update to June 2022. This idea was developed in the 1980s by Richard Gardner, a crank psychiatrist who thought child sexual abuse is not necessarily traumatic, and that mothers who don't fulfil their partners. Youth custody report for April 2015 published. Youth custody data for January 2017 published. According to the Pew Research study, when fathers and children live separately 22% of fathers see their children more than once a week. This publication is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. Court bail includes those remanded on bail at any stage of proceedings at magistrates or Crown Court who were never remanded in custody but who may also have been not remanded at some stage of those proceedings. For example, an offender who had a conviction or caution outside England and Wales and was arrested by a police force in England and Wales would be counted as a first time offender. The overall levels of FSM eligibility for the cohort was slightly higher for the young female group (61%) compared to the young male group (57%). , In 2018/19 Lancashire, Warwickshire and West Mercia stated that new IT systems and/or processes had led to changes in recording of detentions under section 136 of the Mental Health Act. See technical guide for more information. This may result in a single offender being included in the annual cohort more than once. Please note that the data for the Open Data for June 2021 has been amended. As with crime lower, there has been a decreasing trend in the volume of crown court legal aid. Police have found a body in the search for the missing baby of aristocrat Constance Marten and her lover Mark Gordon - as officers 'extend heartfelt condolences to the wider family'.. Crime higher concerns legal representation in the Crown Court and above. This was considerably lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 96] and 2014/15[footnote 97] (93% for young females and 90% for young males). , Self-declared from HR records, as at 1 April 2019. Data mentioned can be found on the page linked. The number of children prosecuted for indictable offences has fallen by 29% since 2015, compared to the 25% decrease seen in adult prosecutions. This publication compiles statistics from data sources across the Criminal Justice System (CJS), to provide a combined perspective on the typical experiences of females who come into contact with it. In 2019, 74% of those convicted for TV licence evasion were female. Since 2015, the ACSL for indictable offences has risen for both male and female offenders from all ethnic groups[footnote 76]. Similarly, males were twice as likely to be subjected to violence from a stranger (1.3%) than females (0.6%)[footnote 11][footnote 12]. Youth custody report November 2017 and youth custody data for November 2017 published. The number of arrests has seen a larger percentage decrease for children than adults over the last 5 years, with decreases of 21% for adults and 27% for children since 2015/16. , Court outcomes figures split by sex and ethnicity is limited to indictable offences where is a robust proportion with known ethnicity. Youth custody report for August 2016 published. Dont include personal or financial information like your National Insurance number or credit card details. Youth custody data - February 2014 published. In 2019, Black males were particularly over represented, accounting for 12% of all male prosecutions. The matched cohort data also provided information on the proportion of those sentenced/cautioned that have a history of being persistently absent[footnote 110] from school, have a previous record of being permanently excluded[footnote 111] from school, or have received a fixed period exclusion[footnote 112], at any point during KS4. Over the last 5 years, there have been increases in female representation across almost all CJS organisations and in the proportion of senior staff. In the same period, 16% of court reports prepared were for females, a proportion which has remained consistent in the last five years. In 2019, the highest level of concordance (excluding suspended sentence orders) for both males and females was in custodial sentences, at 89% for males and 79% for females[footnote 55]. The CSEW 2018/19 provides the most recent breakdown of personal crime by offence (Figure 3.01)[footnote 10] . The custody rate for this offence was lower for female offenders (19%) than for males (26%). Youth custody report for February 2017 published. Figure 7.09: Proportion of young offenders who finished Key Stage 4 in either 2013/14 or 2014/15 who receiving Free School Meals, by gender and disposal category (Source: Table 7.2), Special Educational Needs (SEN)[footnote 104]. Males maintain higher risk of personal crime than females. To view this licence, visit nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: psi@nationalarchives.gov.uk. [A pupil may be excluded for one or more fixed periods up to a maximum of 45 school days in a single academic year. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. , A release is defined as a release from prison where the prisoner has finished serving the custodial term of their sentence and excludes unsentenced prisoners on remand. Between 2015 and 2019 the median time from offence to charge increased for both females and males to varying degrees, up 10% and 33% respectively. This reflects the difference in relationship to suspect in cases for men and women with women much more likely to be killed by an acquaintance. Among both adult female and male offenders, the reoffending rate was highest for those aged 35 to 39 at 30.4% and 34.4%, respectively. , A first reception is a measure which counts a prisoners first movement into custody following a court hearing for a particular set of offences committed. The HMPPS Offender Equalities report 2019/20 (released on the same day as this report) also includes information on: Mother and Baby units, Sexual Orientation in the Prison Population, Accredited Programmes, Incentives and Earned Privileges and Electronic Monitoring. No causative links can be drawn from these summary statistics, differences observed may indicate areas worth further investigation, but should not be taken as evidence of unequal treatments or as direct effects of sex. Data has bee updated and published for May 2013. You have accepted additional cookies. , A single individual (includes people and companies) can be counted more than once in a year if they are dealt with by the CJS on more than one occasion. National Statistics status means that official statistics meet the highest standards of trustworthiness, quality and public value. Offenders with 1 to 14 previous cautions or convictions. Figure 3.02: Percentage of adults who were victims of violent crime, by age group, year ending March 2019. Fines accounted for 99% of those sentenced for TV licence evasion in 2019 across both sexes. However, this was lower than the proportion of pupils achieving this attainment level for the overall pupil population (including both offenders and non-offenders) in 2013/14[footnote 99] and 2014/15[footnote 100] (99% for young females and 98% for young males). Youth custody report for April 2016 published. The study included 15 years of published cases involving alienation, abuse, and custody, while coding parties' claims and defenses, outcomes, and other key factors by gender and parental status. In 2019[footnote 43], the majority of defendants for triable-either-way cases that were sent to the Crown Court were sent on the direction of the magistrate (85%). Females had a higher cautioning rate for indictable offences (20%) and a lower rate for summary offences (4%) compared to males (14% and 9% respectively) in 2019. Figure 3.03: Number of homicide offences currently recorded by the police, by sex of victim, 2008/09 to 2018/19. , Children can be sentenced to custody in three different establishment types: Young Offender Institutions are for males aged 15-17 only, no females. , Published figures for self-harm in prison can be found in Safety in Custody Statistics. This is reflected in the higher proportion of females remanded in custody who were sentenced to immediate custody at magistrates court, 17% in 2019 compared to 13% for males. The total number of defendants in 2019 including those who fail to appear, companies and where gender is unknown was 1.44 million. Having a SEN statement may indicate a higher level of need. For example, 83% of mothers receive custody of their children in divorces. , The detailed results of the survey can be found in the offenders under supervision or in custody tables. Of all female offenders cautioned or convicted in 2019, 35% were first time offenders, compared to 22% for males. This chapter explores the nature, extent and risks of victimisation, as reported in the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW): year ending March 2020[footnote 2][footnote 3][footnote 4][footnote 5], Homicide in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, and associated publications including Domestic abuse in England and Wales: year ending March 2019, and the Nature of Violent Crime in England and Wales: year ending March 2019.

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